Laminar flow characterizes the steady, orderly movement of a liquid in layers. Unlike turbulent flow, where particles move chaotically, laminar flow exhibits predictable patterns. This occurs when a fluid's speed is relatively low and the viscosity persists high. In such a scenario, each band of liquid flows smoothly past its adjacent layer without

From self-directed machines performing mundane tasks to complex companions offering emotional comfort, the landscape of human interaction is undergoing a significant transformation. Despite robot technology has been around for decades, recent advancements in artificial intelligence and robotics have propelled these developments into the mainstream.